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The kingdom rose to power in the mid-9th century BC, but went into gradual decline and was eventually conquered by the Iranian Medes in the early 6th century BC. [1] Even to this day Kurds and Turks refer to Armenians by Ermeni. With the region reunified again under Armenia, the disparate peoples of the region mixed and became more homogenous and a unified sense of identity developed, and the Armenian language became the predominant language. Armenian history,' said Hovann Simonian, a historian of Armenia affiliated The Last of the Siberian Unicorns: What Happened to the Mammoth-Sized One-Horned Beasts of Legend? Study Backs 5th-century Historian's Date For Founding of Armenia The first major state in the region was the kingdom of Ararat, which appeared around Lake Van in the thirteenth century B.C. However, there are other theories regarding the origins of this exonym as well. [64][65] However, as others have placed (at least the Eastern) Mushki homeland in the Armenian Highlands and South Caucasus region, it is possible that at least some of the Mushki were Armenian-speakers or speakers of a closely related language. We’re the only Pop Archaeology site combining scientific research with out-of-the-box perspectives. (Page of tag Armenia) Various Greek transcriptions of the name in Classical sources are spelled as Orontes, Aruandes or Ardoates. In Byzantine historiography, Moschoi was a name equivalent to or considered as the ancestors of "Cappadocians" (Eusebius) with their capital at Mazaca (later Caesarea Mazaca, modern Kayseri). Moins de deux mois après sa « soviétisation », l’Arménie se révolte et rétablit un gouvernement dachnak (du 8 mars au 2 avril 1921). regions. Being heirs to the Urartian realm, the earliest identifiable ancestors of the Armenians are the peoples of Urartu. legendary though he claimed to have traveled to Babylon and consulted The figure slain by Hayk's arrow is variously given as Bel or Nimrod. [72][73], The Armenian region of Mosk and the city of Mush, Turkey may derive their names from the Mushki.[74][75]. [27][28][29] Additionally, archaeological research does not indicate a movement of people from Europe into Armenia, nor do the latest studies in genetics,[5][4] with the latest study rejecting the narrative altogether. The Kingdom of Urartu flourished in Armenia from the 9th to the 6th centuries BC and this “uncommon... Armenia is full of archaeological surprises. The ancient pealazg people comes from Atlantis, about Understanding the Swinging Seismographic Gavazan Column at Tatev Monastery, about The Armenian Alphabet, A Vision From God, about The Cult of Mithra: Sacred Temples, and Vedic Legends, and Ancient Armenian Understanding, about Amazon Warrior Discovered in Ancient Armenian Grave, about Zorats Karer: The Incredible History of the 7,500-year-old Armenian Stonehenge, about The Khachkar Stones of Noratus and a Peculiar Resistance of the Invasion of Tamerlane, about Orbelian’s Caravanserai: A Lasting Sanctuary for Travelers Along the Silk Road. Historians and Armenologists have attempted to explain the origin of the Armenian people, but nothing conclusive has been discovered as of yet. Krause, Todd B. and John A.C. Greppin, and Jonathan Slocum. Ancient sources support the latter version: Xenophon, for example, states that Armenia, ruled by an Orontid king, was not conquered until the reign of Median king Astyages (585–550 BC) – long after Median invasion of the late 7th century BC. Tribal names such as Uduri, Uelikuni, Lusa, as well as the personal name Diasuni, may be of Armenian origins. empires. The Achaemenid province – Encyclopaedia Iranica", "Digital Fragmenta Historicorum Graecorum (DFHG)", "Xenophon, Cyropaedia, Book 3, chapter 1", "Strabo, Geography, Book 11, chapter 13, section 5", http://www.attalus.org/armenian/diakph11.htm, "Greco-Armenian: the persistence of a myth", "Date of Armenia's Birth, Given in 5th Century, Gains Credence", https://www.academia.edu/33109045/Indo-European_wel-_in_Armenian_mythology._Journal_of_Indo-European_studies_2016_1-2_pp._129-146, https://ling.hse.ru/data/2014/09/01/1313574129/Hrach%20Martirosyan%20-%20Handout.pdf, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Origin_of_the_Armenians&oldid=980719706, Articles with Armenian-language sources (hy), Articles with unsourced statements from May 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from July 2010, Articles lacking reliable references from November 2018, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Little is known about the origins of the Orontid dynasty. No significant mixing with other peoples after that date can [67] This ceramic ware is believed to have been developed in the South Caucasus region, possibly by the Trialeti-Vanadzor culture originally, which suggests an eastern homeland for the Mushki. L’histoire de l’Arménie remonte à des temps très anciens, puisqu’on a retrouvé des traces d’habitations dans la région datant de la Préhistoire : plusieurs cultures attestent la présence, dès cette époque lointaine, d’unités sociales constituées. The modern village was established in 1829, but it was first declared a... Orbelian’s Caravanserai (known previously as the Selim Caravanserai) is a caravanserai located in Vayots Dzor, a province in the southeastern part of Armenia . the Roman empire in A.D. 380. [citation needed] The name is only attested in Greek (Gr.:Ὀρόντης). This intermixing would ultimately culminate in the emergence of the Armenians as the dominant polity and culture of the Armenian Highlands, and as the direct successors and inheritors of the Urartian domain.[38][39][40][41]. And if it did once exist, where was it located before its watery demise? was posted last month on bioRxiv[2], a digital In Sivershchina, close to the village of Mizyn in Ukraine is one of the oldest and most unique settlements of humans – and it was discovered in a parking lot. The isolation was probably sustained by the many characteristic aspects of the name Hay -- pronounced HIGH, the name that the Armenian people call themselves after their deity of the Divine Essence, it is interesting to note here that the only ancient people, besides the Armenians, that called Armenians -- Hay[asa], were the Hittites, it is highly probable that the Indo-European Hittites were also Armenian in origin, Movses gave Hayk's genealogy as follows: Japhet, Gomer & Tiras, Torgom, Hayk, and his descendants as Armanak, Aramais, Amasya, Gegham, Harma, Aram and Ara Geghetsik. Située entre l'Europe et l'Asie, la nation arménienne a été maîtresse d'une culture unique et endurante. [71] Scholars have proposed a connection between the name Mishak and Mushki. Regardless, the Urartian confederation united the disparate peoples of the highlands, which began a process of intermingling of the peoples and cultures (probably including Armenian tribes) and languages (probably including Proto-Armenian) within the highlands. He named the region of the battle Hayk, and the site of the battle Hayots Dzor. and reached its peak in the ninth century B.C. It has been speculated that this was an Indo-European culture. Khorenatsi’s theory that the Armenians descended from Torgom (Togarmah) is consistent and derived from, Biblical references to the House of Togarmah, a land known for its horses in the extreme north. This page was last edited on 28 September 2020, at 01:49. Modern genetic stadies show that Armenian diversity can be explained by several mixtures of Eurasian populations that occurred between ~3000 and ~2000 bce, a period characterized by major population migrations after the domestication of the horse, appearance of chariots, and the rise of advanced civilizations in the Near East. Aujourd'hui coexistent l'arménien oriental, langue officielle de la république d'Arménie, parlée par les habitants de l'Arménie et par les communautés arméniennes d'Iran et de Russie, et l'arménien occidental, parlé par la diaspora arménienne. Bel decided to march against him with a massive force, but Hayk was warned ahead of time by Kadmos of his pending approach. Just as Hayk fled from Babylon because of Bel, whom he eventually killed, so Zeus had escaped to the mountains of the Caucasus, later to return to Sicily and hurl fatal arrows into the bodies of his titanic foes. Movses Khorenatsi, a historian in the fifth century, wrote that his native According to Professor James R. Russell of Harvard University, the Georgian designation for Armenians Somekhi, preserves the old name of the Mushki. Vahagn was revered as a fire god. Ararat, Urashtu) is the geographic name used during the Iron Age for the region that would later be known as the Armenian Highlands. According to Armenian tradition, the city of Mazaca was founded by and named after Mishak (Misak, Moshok), a cousin and general of the legendary patriarch Aram. about Geghard Monastery: Ancient Guardian of the Lance that Stabbed Jesus? ancient records. 5,300-year-old mummy emerged in 1991 from a melting Alpine glacier. One of Hayk's most famous scions, Aram, settled in Eastern Armenia from the Mitanni kingdom (Western Armenia), when Sargon II mentions a king of part of Armenia who bore the (Armenian-Indo-Iranian) name Bagatadi ("Theodore"). Conventional wisdom tells us that civilization began with the so-called agricultural revolution - AKA the invention of farming, but I suggest a different story. Jews and Lebanese Christians, also share a lot of ancestry with the Iceman, Urartu (a.k.a. Armenians can legitimately claim, through Urartu, an historical continuity of some 4000 years; their history is among those of the most ancient peoples in the world. Hittite inscriptions deciphered in the 1920s by the Swiss scholar Emil Forrer testify to the existence of a mountain country, the Hayasa and/or the Azzi, lying around Lake Van. The goal of Ancient Origins is to highlight recent archaeological discoveries, peer-reviewed academic research and evidence, as well as offering alternative viewpoints and explanations of science, archaeology, mythology, religion and history around the globe. Buried for millennia in the rear of a rock-shelter in the Lapedo Valley 85 miles north of Lisbon, Portugal, archaeologists uncovered the bones of a four-year-old child, comprising the first complete Palaeolithic skeleton ever dug in Iberia. Armenians have a distinctive language and alphabet, and His story is told in the History of Armenia attributed to the Armenian historian Movses Khorenatsi (410 to 490 AD). Christianity spread into the country as early as AD 40. In the early 14th century BC, Sapinuwa was burned as well. Armen Petrosyan clarifies this, suggesting that -ki was a Proto-Armenian form of the Classical Armenian -k' and etymologizes "Mush" as meaning "worker" or "agriculturalist. "Origins and Historical Development of the Armenian Language". `This DNA study confirms in general outline much of what we know about Assyrian and Sumerian sources dating from the end of the third millenium B.C. For let me assure you that being caught in a barefaced lie stands most seriously in the way of a man's receiving any mercy. about Celestial Maps of Gegham Mountain: The Unique Rock Art of Armenia, about Serpent Stones: The Vishap Steles of Armenia as a Symbol of Rock Art and Rich Heritage, about Vahagn: The Armenian Dragon Slayer God and Bringer of Fire, about The Legacy of Armenia: Trade, Metallurgy, and Forging of Precious Metals of the Ancient World, Great Chain of The Golden Horn: Constantinople’s Impenetrable Barrier. founding of Armenia. It is perhaps the greatest unsolved mystery of all time: Did the lost city of Atlantis actually exist? cited after Sa Grandeur Mgr. And what historical capital was bigger than legendary Constantinople? [57] Diakonoff theorized that the root of the name Mushki was "Mush" (or perhaps "Mus," "Mos," or "Mosh") with the addition of the Armenian plural suffix -k'. The ancient origins of the legendary griffin, The Real Story of Medusa: Protective Powers from a Snake-Haired Gorgon, A Pilgrimage of Thought: The Divine Comedy by Dante Alighieri, Surprising Stone Age Knowledge Revealed on a Mammoth Bone Bracelet, Ten amazing inventions from ancient times, Secrets Behind the Creepy Plague Doctor Mask and Costume. [38][39][40][41] Armenia would have been the north hinterlands for the Mesopotamian world of the Old Testament, and the Armenian Highlands were renowned for horse breeding and horsemanship throughout ancient times. After the arrogant Titanid Bel made himself king over all, Hayk emigrated to the region near Mount Ararat with an extended household of at least 300 and settled there, founding a village he named Haykashen. The now well-known archaeological site, known plainly as the Mizyn parking lot, dates back 18-20 thousand years. about 500 years ago between western and eastern Armenians. civilizations of the eastern Mediterranean suddenly collapsed, an event the other Indo-European tribes, went towards north or south, towards more fertile areas in Europe and India, while some decided to stay in Persia. The Rise and Fall of Tigranes the Great, King of Armenia, The Sacred Ghost Town of Ani, City of 1001 Churches: Deserted By Man, Destroyed By Nature. There are almost 10 million Armenians worldwide, with large communities in Russia, the United States, France, Iran, Australia, Canada, Greece, Cyprus, and Israel. the Armenian Apostolic Church was the first branch of Christianity to It is a country where mysterious stories appear at every corner and most of them still wait to be solved. The Nephilim: Giant Offspring of the Sons of God and the Daughters of Man? Celestial Maps of Gegham Mountain: The Unique Rock Art of Armenia, Serpent Stones: The Vishap Steles of Armenia as a Symbol of Rock Art and Rich Heritage, Vahagn: The Armenian Dragon Slayer God and Bringer of Fire, The Legacy of Armenia: Trade, Metallurgy, and Forging of Precious Metals of the Ancient World. supply our first information about this nation, people, and the land of Hurri, South of Caucasus. According to Khorenatsi, Media conquered Armenia only much later—under Astyages. Still, later in the ninth-seventh centuries N.C. the highland of Armenia were inhabited by a people who were related to the Hurrians and whose country bore the name Urartu, the Biblical Ararat" [4], Study Backs 5th-Century Historian's Date for Founding of Armenia, http://www.armeniapedia.org/index.php?title=Origin_Of_Armenians&oldid=47771, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Ancient Origins articles related to Armenia in the sections of history, archaeology, human origins, unexplained, artifacts, ancient places and myths and legends. Skayordi's son, Paruyr Haykazuni (also known as Paruyr Skayordi), helped Cyaxares and his allies conquer Assyria, for which Cyaxares recognized him as the king of Armenia. At Ancient Origins, we believe that one of the most important fields of knowledge we can pursue as human beings is our beginnings. [92] While the Urartian language was used by the royal elite, the population they ruled may have been multi-lingual, and some of these peoples would have spoken Armenian. The modern Georgian term somekhi 'Armenian' may ultimately derive from Samuha. However, recent genetic research suggests that the Armenian ethnogenesis was completed by 1200 BCE, making the arrival of an Armenian-speaking population as late as the Bronze Age Collapse unlikely. [37] The process of amalgamation is presumed to have been accelerated by the formation of Urartu and completed in succeeding Armenian realms.[38][39][40][41]. Vlad the Impaler: The Real Count Dracula? [77] This formative mixture occurred from 3000 to 2000 B.C., the Urartian history is part of Armenian history, in the same sense that the history of the ancient Britons is part of English history, and that of the Gauls is part of French history. populations. During Median and Persian domination, Iranian religious influences began to mix with native Armenian beliefs, leading to the worship of new, syncretic deities such as Mihr, Aramazd, Vahagn, and Anahit. Hayk is also the name of the Orion constellation in the Armenian translation of the Bible. ", Garsoïan, Nina (1997). The researchers also see a signal of genetic divergence that developed He assembled his own army along the shore of Lake Van and told them that they must defeat and kill Bel, or die trying to do so, rather than become his slaves. Ils parlent deux dialectes différents mais intercompréhensibles : l'arménien oriental utilisé en Arménie, dans le Caucase et en Iran, et l'arménien occidental utilisé ailleurs dans le monde. pp.140, 146. He is said to have settled at the foot of Mount Ararat, traveled to assist in building the Tower of Babel, and, after his return, defeated the Babylonian king Bel (believed by some researchers to be Nimrod) on August 11, 2492 BC (Navasard) near the mountains of Lake Van, in the southwestern part of historic Armenia (present-day eastern Turkey). Are These The Real Roots of Civilization? [93] The Armenian hypothesis supports the theory that the Urartian language was not spoken, but simply written, and postulates that the Armenian language as an in situ development of a 3rd millennium BC Proto-Indo-European language.[93]. Their brothers, i.e. At Dyutsaznamart (Armenian: Դյուցազնամարտ, "Battle of Giants"), near Julamerk southeast of Lake Van, on August 11, 2492 BC (according to the Armenian traditional chronology) or 2107 BC (according to "The Chronological table" of Mikael Chamchian), Hayk slew Bel with a nearly impossible shot using a long bow, sending the king's forces into disarray. [66], It's been speculated that the Mushki (and their allies, the Urumu) were connected to the spread of the so-called Transcaucasian ceramic ware, which appeared as far west as modern Elazig, Turkey in the late second millennium BCE. Martiros Kavoukjian, "The Genesis of Armenian People", Montreal, 1982. International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, 1915, Petrosyan, Armen (2002), The Indo-European and Ancient Near Eastern Sources of the Armenian Epic. Armenia thrived, and became the strongest state in the Roman east for a time. There are about 3 million people in Armenia, of which about 98% are ethnic Armenian. [95][96][97] The Orontids established their supremacy over Armenia around the time of the Scythian and Median invasion in the 6th century BC. «Χαλύβοισι πρὸς νότον Ἀρμένιοι δμουρέουσι.», Xerxes I was king of Achaemenid Persia following the reign of his father, Darius the Great who authored the Behistun Inscription. that seems to have brought about the isolation of Armenians from other Armenian, member of a people with an ancient culture originally from the region known as Armenia. The Urartian confederation united the disparate peoples of the highlands, which began a process of intermingling of the peoples and cultures (including possibly Armenian tribes) and languages (potentially including proto-Armenian) within the highlands. Geneticists have scanned the genomes of 173 Armenians from Armenia and Cultural output reached its height in the 14th century, though a resurgence in literary output led to a national awakening in the 19th century. At the foot of the mountains, he built his home, Haykashen.”. whose descendants now live in Sardinia, Central Asia and several other The Everlasting Shoe: What Does This 5,500-Year-old Shoe Found in a Cave Tell Us About Ancient Armenians? [50] Today, the Modern Assyrians (who traditionally speak Neo-Aramaic, not Akkadian) refer to the Armenians by the name Armani. From 2200 BC to 1600 BC, the Trialeti-Vanadzor culture flourished in Armenia, southern Georgia, and northeastern Turkey. Armenia had been established in 2492 B.C., a date usually regarded as In particular, Movses Khorenatsi writes that the Armenian king Skayordi Haykazuni was a political foe of Assyria during the reign of Sennacherib (705-681 BCE), which would have been contemporaneous with the rule of Argishti II. As soon as his son Aramaneak was born, Hayk rose up, and led his people back to the land of his forefathers, the land of Ararat. [better source needed], A complimentary theory, suggested by Tamaz V. Gamkrelidze and Ivanov in 1984, places the Proto-Indo-European homeland (the location where Indo-European would have emerged from) in the Armenian Highlands (see: Armenian hypothesis), which would entail the presence of proto-Armenians in the area during the entire lifetime of the Urartian state.

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