Just over 200 kilometres north of the Chadian capital, N'Djamena, Lake Chad is one of the oldest lakes in Africa. Yet, since 2009, the region has been destabilised by alarming violence between armed opposition groups (such as Boko Haram and Islamic State West Africa) and state security forces. The lake’s depth is very shallow and responds dramatically to changes to water inflow and outflow.

But data from NASA Earth Observatory and others demonstrate the extent it has declined in the last half century. Lake Chad sustains people, animals, fishing, irrigation, and economic activity in west-central Africa. LAKE CHAD Lake Chad, in Central Africa, borders the countries of Nigeria, Niger, Chad, and Cameroon. The World

The area is particularly sensitive to drought, and historically the lake has fluctuated dramatically in size during prolonged dry periods. In recent decades the Lake Chad is the principal life source of the Sahel, a semiarid band that spans the width of Africa and separates the Sahara, in the north, from the savanna, in the south. Lake Chad has always undergone seasonal and inter-annual fluctuations because it is less than 23 feet (7 m) deep. Scientists and resource managers are concerned about the dramatic loss of fresh water that is the lifeblood of more than 30 million people. ... the countries of the Lake Chad region - Cameroon, Chad, ... they must find the will to dig deep to alleviate the suffering of millions.

Around 1973, the lake was in a phase called “Normal Lake Chad”—a single body of water with an archipelago on the north side of the southern basin.

Roman expeditions to Lake Chad and western Africa were a group of military and commercial expeditions by the Romans across the Sahara Desert, into the interior of Africa and its coast.They were made by the Roman Empire between the first and the fourth century AD.One of the main reasons of the explorations, according to academics like Jonathan Roth, was to procure gold and spices It supports nearly 30 million people living along its shores in Chad… Lake Chad, once the 6th largest lake in the world, has shrunk to 1/10 of its size 35 years ago, from 25,000 km2 in the 1960s to 500 km2 today. The lake supports a growing human population, as well as millions of birds and a number of mammals, reptiles, and amphibians, despite the fact that its potential evaporation rate is four times as large as the rainfall rate in the region. The lake is very shallow at 34 feet deep. But in the past half century, the once-great lake has lost most of its water and now spans less than a tenth of the area it covered in the 1960s. The drainage basin is roughly coterminous with the sedimentary basin of the same name, but extends further to the northeast and east.

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